The event was attended by representatives of more than 50 countries, the White House said.
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On Wednesday, the State Department hosted the first Critical Minerals Ministerial event - which was attended by countries and organisations including the UK, European Union, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Delegates discussed the availability of and access to minerals crucial to the manufacture of things like computer chips and electric vehicle batteries.
The mining and processing of such critical minerals, which include rare earths, is dominated by China.
In remarks released by the US government, Vice President JD Vance and Secretary of State Marco Rubio did not mention China by name.
Instead, Vance referred to the "foreign supply" of such minerals flooding global markets, making it difficult for other countries with mineral deposits to secure the financing needed to produce them.
The US planned to use tariffs to stop critical mineral prices falling too low, which can deter investment, he said.
David Copley, a special assistant to President Donald Trump, said the US intends to "deploy hundreds of billions of capital into the mining sector to get projects going".
Investments have already been made in several companies, including rare earths magnets maker MP Materials and Lithium Americas, which produces material key to rechargeable batteries, he said.
US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer also said that the US, Japan and the European Commission are developing "coordinated trade policies and mechanisms" in order to collectively avoid potential issues with access to important minerals.
Ahead of the meeting, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson said "countries need to follow the principles of market economy and international economic and trade rules, step up communication and dialogue".
The event was part of a broader effort by the US government
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